I use a bucket analogy:
You want to fill a bucket with light. Aperture is hose size, shutter speed is how long to stand there filling, and ISO is how big the bucket is.
The meter tells you how to fill the bucket up halfway. If you want it less full, that's the same thing as darker. If you want it more full, that's lighter.
Aperture is dumb and goes backwards, smaller numbers mean a bigger hose.
DONE.
Words. They work.
I agree with all of what you're saying except the last part. Words kinda
don't work... at least not without other supporting elements.
Look at what you just did... you created a word PICTURE with your bucket analogy.
As I mentioned, people are very visual. What you've done is created something people can visualize. If words really worked, then you would say...
"Aperture is the hole that allows light to transfer through the lens to the camera. ISO is the sensitivity of the sensor/film to that light. Shutter time is the length of time you allow the shutter to remain open and expose the light to the sensor or film. The higher the ISO, the more sensitive, therefore the less light it needs to expose the image. The wider the aperture, the more light goes to the sensor, the less time it needs to expose the image. All of these things are inter-related, so one affects the other."
Clearly if you said THAT to someone new to this they would look at you like you just offered them a lightly grilled squirrel. Whereas your WORD PICTURE forms a nice mental illustration.
The triangle is evidently another form of illustration- though one that appears to be less useful to some folks- so perhaps yours is better, which is cool. I certainly like your word picture very much and plan to use (steal) it. There may be better ones. But everyone thinks differently, so for some the triangle might make more sense than your bucket analogy.