petrochemist
TPF junkie!
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What lenses one gets depends upon a number of factors, but one of the big ones is budget. A lot of really fine zoom lenses cost $2,500 today, and that is a lot more money then many people are able or willing to spend. Some of the finest lenses in the telephoto category cost 8000 to $12,000, although there are alternatives which Cost Less , but which do not have the same maximum aperture capability. finally there is the type of Photography it to be done, in which for birds and many Sports long telephoto lenses are preferred, whereas for street photography shorter wide-angle lenses are often preferred,and in portraiture many of the lrnses are between 85 and 200 mm in length, and are often non-zoom lenses, such as the highly-regarded Nikon 85 mm F 1.4 or the Canon 85 mm F / 1.2.
Over the past 20 years or so both Canon and Nikon have succeeded in making extremely good quality 70-200 mm f / 2.8 zooms with extremely high Optical quality. These modern top quality zoom lenses have in many cases eliminated the necessity for prime lenses in their focal range .
IMO they haven't eliminated the need for primes though they certainly have reduced it.
One of the reasons is something you raised yourself in the post above. Good primes are very much cheaper than equivalent quality zooms. I can't justify an f/2.8 telephoto zoom, even a mediocre one, but I didn't have to think twice about my 135mm/2.8 primes, or the 85/2.8...
Another factor is the primes can be faster, AFAIK no-one has made a zoom that can reach f/1.2 at 85mm let alone one that's highly regarded, admittedly for portraits f/2.8 is really fast enough at 85mm.
One final advantage is the primes are usually quite a bit lighter, at least if you only need one from the range the zoom gives