Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Those are the 3 things a camera can "adjust" to make an exposure. Doesn't matter what mode you are in, those three are the only three. When you have scene modes, like macro or portrait or landscape they pre-select the settings of those 3 values based upon the light that the meter reads and also upon a weighted value to those 3 settings.
For example in macro mode the camera is going to try and use a smaller aperture (bigger f number) to get a greater depth of field, its also more likely to use flash; however in sports mode it would attempt to use a faster shutter speed and also a wider aperture (smaller f number).
The camera will also fix the AF mode and metering modes and might also make some adjustments to the built in JPEG auto editing (although in my experience things like contrast, saturation, etc... are things that the user sets in whatever mode they shoot in as opposed to the camera setting them).
Those subject based modes are on the entry level DSLRs to help ease people who come from a point and shoot camera background into using the DSLR camera and allows that market segment to make use of them and become customers - since its important to realise that people from that background of photography are more used to scene modes than the idea of changing aperture, shutter speed and ISO to get the shot.