Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) span a variety of habitats on the western coast of North America and thus, must be able to adapt to a variety of habitat types. If mule deer are so adaptable, how do they maintain a browser status? Are they truly browsers? If not, why don’t they eat more grasses?
A mule deer's body is adapted to browsing in the following ways:
1. A row of teeth shaped like chisels allow clipping food off stems or forbs close to the ground.
2. Long face with narrow muzzles that allow them to clip specific plant parts.
3. High intake rate, which accommodates for the small rumen, short retention time and high fermentation rate of browsers.
All these characteristics of mule deer point in the direction of a browser. They are able to eat the leaves and needles form trees and shrubs, small plants like alfalfa and even stems. However, research indicates that mule deer are not always so particular in what they eat. Instead, they adapt to a changing environment.