If I shoot a pic with a 6 MP camera at 200mm, can I get the same picture clarity shooting a 12 MP camera at 100mm and cropping?
(Assume lenses are similar lens quality, and that DOF is not an issue).
I guess my question would be, what difference does it make? Since you'd never be able to duplicate this in the real world.
I can tell you from experience that cropping a photo that was taken with a 24 mp D5200 gives you a lot more options than cropping a photo from a 16 mp D5100 when shot at roughly the same distance with the same lens.
Part of it is the MP rating of course, but the 5200 also has other features, better AF system, etc that give you an overall higher quality result on average than the 5100, all of which can come into play when you get ready to crop.
So in the real world the 24 mp D5200 will normally give you photos that will allow you to crop more and still end up with relatively the same image quality as a final result than the 16 mp D5100.
But if you wanted to look at it as strictly a math equation, well your looking at so many variables it isn't even funny. Me my only interest is in real world results. YMMV of course.