Few thoughts:
Golden hour results in several key properties;
1) Golden colour - well the specific colour varies, but its a more golden/yellow or might even be a touch of red on some days. Of all the elements this is easier to create because you can do so; if you shot in RAW, by just adjusting the white balance sliders.
If you want to do it in camera you can get gels to colour the light from a flash unit to mimic the effect (they are also used when you want to use flash for fill lighting during the golden hour - using the gels means that you've basically got one colour of light (or near enough) rather than golden light and then whiter flash light.
2) Soft lighting - lower angle means more atmosphere breaks up the sunlight; this results in a nice soft even lighting over the subject areas illuminated by the sun. Not easy to reproduce if you've got a harsh midday shot; but some careful editing and specific area editing (using layer-masks) and you might be able to take the edge of some harshness in shots to re-create a likeness.
3) Low angle of light - You really have to have this or not; you can't easily recreate this effect (I say easily, anything is possible with photoshop, but processes like this can be far more time than its worth).
4) As a result of point 3; the low angle means really long shadows behind the subject. Again very hard to re-create in editing if you don't have it there already.
If you have access to flash lighting setups you can see that many of the above could be mimicked with some effort and time. However it might take longer than you think to set it all up correctly; especially if you want to take shot after shot on the setup.