Your question is a magnet for highly subjective answers. The answers will range from...
"Everything is a photograph that started as photograph, no matter how edited it may be." (If you took a photo into Photoshop and decreased brightness until the entire frame turned featureless black, these folks might still cringe at the thought of admitting that it's no longer a photograph.)
... to...
"Real photographs are only straight-out-of-camera JPEGS... and even THAT is pushing it!" (These folks are so pointlessly obsessed with achieving a painfully-verbatim reproduction of reality that a photograph becomes inherently flawed by its mere existence apart from the scene it was intended to portray).
Both of these extreme viewpoints are rather silly and difficult to take seriously. Thus, the vast majority of folks generally adopt a moderate position somewhere between the two. Even these moderate viewpoints occupy a wide range along the spectrum though, leading to major disagreements even among industry professionals about "what makes a photo a photo".
In truth, there's no hard and fast answer with regard to how your art could be categorized. Suffice to say, it would generally be unacceptable as a photograph in a wildlife photography competition, for example. That's not to say that wildlife photography competitions are the end-all, be-all; it's just one way to sort of gauge where your work would fall with regard to today's prevailing standards in the world of photography. I could certainly see the piece being acceptable in more alternative forms of photography exhibitions and contests... that is, those with themes like "photographic art", "photo illustration", "photographic mixed media", "image artistry" (just to name some terms that I've seen).
Your piece falls somewhere on the hazy spectrum and there's simply no universally accepted categorization for it. That being said, the impression that I get of the current state of photography is that this piece tips the scale more towards "digital illustration" than "digital photography". That is to say, if you could average together all modern viewpoints, I think your piece would be seen as a "digital illustration incorporating elements of a photograph" rather than "an enhanced digital photograph".
Whether or not prevailing views are of relevance is up to anyone to decide for themselves, but that's just the way things are at this point in time.