EOS_JD
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I thought that all lenses were variable aperture...??
The clue is in the lens description.
Lets use 2
70-200 f2.8L
70-300 f4-5.6
The 70-200 will be able to use a maximum aperture all through the range. This is especially good at the long end because you need fast shutter speeds when using a telephoto lens (usually 1/focal length).
Now the 70-300 has a maximum aperture of f4 at the 70mm end but as you you zoom out that maximum aperture decreases to f5.6
So this is the variable part. Sure all lenses can go from their maximum aperture to their minimum but when that maximum aperture varies, it can affect the metering of your shot particularly when you go to the smaller maximum aperures like f6.3.