Dwig
TPF Noob!
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In addition, the reason that Canon EF-S lenses can't be mounted onto Canon's 35mm bodies is because the lens extends into the body and would interfere with the mirror. Cookies to whomever can explain why they did this, other than forcing users to not muddle-up the works and use crop lenses on full-frame bodies.
It's simple - aside from the fact that the image circle of the lens would not cover the full sensor ( and thus give massive vignetting) and the fact that most canon FF cameras that I know of don't have a "crop sensor mode" as such - its also forcing people wanting to go fullframe to upgrade to the fullframe glass. Thus ensuring that people do upgrade their glass as well as camera body
Which is a marketing ploy. Still haven't seen any reasoning for the engineering of it....
There is some advantage to being able to design a lens with elements closer to the sensor. How much advantage Canon's optical engineers have made of this is rather questionable. Canon doesn't seem to have pulled of any optical speed or performance advantages over Nikon, which stuck with the old mirror clearance spec.
Since Canon's APS-c bodies use a shorter mirror, something made possible by the smaller focusing screen, its quite possible to do this. Canon chose to tweak the mounting flange to create a slightly different EF-S mount specific to APS-c bodies. The tweak prevents EF-S lenses from fitting EF mount bodies (film and "full frame" digital) but allows EF lenses to fit EF-s bodies.
Canon's major competitor, Nikon, took a different tack. They chose to keep the classic F-mount mirror clearance spec for both their standard lenses and their new DX lenses allowing any mix of lens and body. They choose to leave film users to their own devices for cropping images taken with DX lenses. With their FX digital bodies they automated a crop function where the body senses a DX lens electronically and automatically crops the image to the DX sensor area. There is, of course, a loss of detail (fewer megapixels in the cropped image) but it makes DX lenses usable.