The crisp under-chin shadow, and the shadows on the wall behind him are characteristic of a standard, parabolic type metal flash reflector. Most professionally oriented studio flash brands over the years have offered small, medium, and large-sized parabolic reflectors, which used to be called "pan" reflectors by a lot of people. In the Speedotron brand for example, there are 7 inch, 11.5 inch, 16- and 20-inch parabolics. Newer models made within the last 20 years or so are referred to as "
grid reflectors", since they have a straight inner lip, into which a honeycomb grid can be press-fitted. Used at the right distance, this type of light functions as what is called a
point light source, as opposed to the opposite, which is a broad light source. This type of look could have been achieved by any number of different reflector sizes.
This type of reflector has been around since the beginning of the bulb- and electronic flash eras in the late 1920's and late 1930's. The characteristic shape is that of a deep, sort of bowl-shaped reflector that throws, on average, a 50 to 65 degree wide swath of light, and which casts a crisp, well-defined shadow when the light is used alone,without diffusion or grid. When the light is placed higher than eye-level and rained down, it casts a deep, dark, crisp-edged shadow under the chin, and anywhere else the light casts a shadow.
This look has been used for high fashion photography over many decades. One of the things it does exceptionally well is to light up fabrics and clothing items, with a crisp, well-defined light that has a lot of illuminating power; a similar look is seen today by the VERY SMALL, point light source quartz bulbs used in many retail environments. Point light sources give a specific type of look,a look of high definition, of clarity, to the objects they illuminate. The subject in those Tom Ford ads is not the model, but the clothing....hence the use of a classic point source lighting arrangement, which emphasized the clothing in a wonderful way.
Here is a CLASSIC-shaped, 50-degree grid reflector, seen on an older Speedotron Force series monolight:
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