Lets get some terms straight, because file size isn't resolution.
There are 2 kinds of resolution.
1. For online or other electronic display resolution is the pixel dimensions (MP) of the image, like 3000 x 2000 pixels. 3000 x 2000 px = 6 MP
2. For print or a physical document, resolution is how many pixels per inch (ppi) are assigned to the image being printed,
AND the pixel dimensions.
A 3000 x 2000 px image assigned 100 ppi will be a print/document that is 30 inches by 20 inches. (3000 px / 100 ppi = 30 inches (the pixel units cancel leaving just inches))
pixels / ppi = inches
pixels / inches = ppi
inches x ppi = pixels
So back to file size. File size is expressed in bytes, kilobytes (kB), megabytes (MB), or gigabytes (GB)
The file size affects image quality. The bigger the file size the higher the image quality.
But, there are other considerations, particularly for electronic or online display.
For most online uses kB size files work fine, and some web sites will not accept MB size image files.
Most web sites will reduce the displayed image size so it fits on a web page.
Raw files cannot be printed, and have to be converted to some other file type - TIFF, JPEG, PNG, GIF, etc
Some other print considerations are image bit depth, color space, and color profile.
Tutorials on Color Management & Printing