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It is an oversimplification, as the OP is not an experienced person with polarizers/NDs and thus is asking for a basic understanding. Sometimes correlating your answer into consideration of the knowledge level of person asking the question helps them to understand things quicker, rather going into explicit details that can derail their understanding for many more pages of questions/replies.I've always thought that this is a great over simplification. If most of the light in the scene is reflected off a window or water etc, then the effect of the polarizing filter will depend very much on it's orientation. In one position it will pass most of the reflected light, while in another it will block most of the reflected light. There could quite easily be 5 or more stops difference just from rotating the filter. In more everyday scenes where a polarizers are useful a 1 stop variation is easily achievable.Yes, polarizers stop light by 2 stops normally. There's also 1 stop versions.
Off course with TTL metering &/or today's instant review options this is no longer a real issue for most photographers.