I own a Pentax 67II w/ 90mm f/2.8 LS and 165mm f/4 LS lenses, and a Norita 6x6 w/ 80mm f/2 lens. I usually shoot Tmax 100 or HP5 400. I've found that the 16"x20" (or 16"x16") prints I make from theses negs seem sharper than 8"x10"s from a 35mm neg. I know that there are folks who blow up 6x7 negs much larger than 16x20. That guy who goes all over and shoots big crowds of nekkid people uses a Pentax 67, and I think he blows his prints up to wall size.
The fastest shutter speed on the P67II is 1/2000th, but the flash sync speed is a slow 1/30th. Other brands of MF cameras may have faster overall shutter speeds, and almost all have faster flash sync speeds.
Popular MF SLR brands are: Pentax, Hasseblad, Mamiya, Bronica. There are others, and also many types of MF cameras that are not SLRs.