If it's Nikon a gold band on the barrel, if it's Canon, a capitol 'L' in the model.
My MPE 65mm macro wants a word with you
The Canon L only stands for Luxury and is a label they only apply to their higher end fullframe (ie 35mm) compatible lenses. As a very rough rule of thumb its a good indication of a quality lens. There are, however, some lenses in their line up which are not classed as L but which still deliver a very high quality result, most (not all) are EF-s lenses which are crop sensor only. This doesn't mean that they are necessarily lower quality, just that the image circle they cast and the overall design of the lens is aimed at the smaller sensor in Canon crop sensor camera bodies.
"Pro" grade equipment is a very hazy term and the standards will shift a lot between different fields of interest - heck if you want to get into something like stock or high fashion photography chances are your "pro" gear is going to be a medium format camera not a 35mm DSLR.
The term is a very loose definition of quality equipment that is generally considered to be at the top of its game (or very near the top) at that time in the market; whereas lower grade gear is generally equipment which has superior alternatives in the range and which is more a reflection of the design being made to fit a specific price point for budget than for best optical quality and a less restricted budget.
Professionals in the working world will often use anything - heck some lower grade gear even has very legitimate uses. For example I know several professionals who use 18-200mm lenses for scouting out locations - letting them carry a small and light lens that will do a wide range of focal lengths and can let them test frames and compositions in the scene before they come on site with a more extensive and heavier setup (which also slows you down).
In general most professionals will work with the highest quality gear that they can justify using for their intended output - so there is some variation depending upon what they output and also where they focus their budgets most (for example a studio photographer is likely to have the least money in their camera and lens and the most in their lighting equipment).