I am going to go anti here and say buy a decent Nikon/Canon/Olympus/Minolta 35 mm SLR and a 50 mm lens of f2.0 or faster and a top shutter speed of at least 1/1,000 of a second. A second lens that I wouldn't buy right away would be a 35 mm f2.8 or 28 mm f2.8 and then a zoom of something like 70-210 and an f4.0 aperture. Then I would buy a dedicated flash. Used you can put the whole thing together for under $500.00 and have stuff that will resell well and perform quite well.
The best thing IMHO you can learn is that the lens isn't what actually "sees" the photo first...it's either the photographer or the camera's brain. Learning photography is largely learning to see and then then learning how something looks in a print compared to how it looks when it was shot.
Learning to see and be able to come up with a rough approzimation of exposure just from the eyeball is IMHO critical. Being able to do this gives you the ability to anayze in real time the exposure that the camera's brain determines and relating it to your mental image of the shot. If you can't follow the data it provides it may as well provide none.
Consider that if you are shooting outside in bright daylight you could use the sunny 16 rule and shoot at, or bumped 1, the film speed at f16.0. So 400 spd film would shoot correctly at 1/500 at f16. 1/1,000 at f11.0, 1/2,000 at f8.0 1/4,000 at f5.6, 1/8,000 at f4.0 would all also be correct exposure values. 1/250 at f22.0 and 1/125 at f32.0 would also be accurate. 7 exposures and 7 different photos, all with correct exposure...only 1 is the way you "see" it.
Starting with such a basic camera and 50 mm lens will force you to learn to see in advance. Other than maybe a center weighted meter and a depth of field preview, which is a great learning aid, you won't have much to hold your hand.
LWW