wfooshee
No longer a newbie, moving up!
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Limiting your depth of field with a long lens may be most of your issue. I put 400mm, f:2.8, 100-foot subject distance into an online DOF calculator and got acceptable depth of field of 3.2 feet. If subject distance was only 50 feet that drops to an astonshingly narrow .8 feet (9-1/2 inches!)
Even to f:8 at 50 feet distance only gets me 2-1/4 feet of depth of field!
I think you may be seriously over-estimating the depth of field you expect to get.
If you're further away, it's not quite that critical: 200-foot subject distance, 400mm f:2.8 is 13 feet DOF.
So going for that tight shot when your subject is fairly close, you're going to have DOF issues.
Even to f:8 at 50 feet distance only gets me 2-1/4 feet of depth of field!
I think you may be seriously over-estimating the depth of field you expect to get.
If you're further away, it's not quite that critical: 200-foot subject distance, 400mm f:2.8 is 13 feet DOF.
So going for that tight shot when your subject is fairly close, you're going to have DOF issues.