Well a stop is defined as a doubling or halving of exposure time or aperture area. So theoretically, a 1 stop difference would mean you would have to go to 40 seconds with the filter on if you were to do 20 seconds without it. However, there is a characteristic of film and I think also CCD sensors (for digital cams) called reciprocity failure, which is something that I don't completely understand. Although what I do understand about it is that at very long (or fast) shutter speeds, a doubling/halving of exposure time does not actually double or halve the brightness recorded on the film or sensor, as it would at more normal shutter speeds. This means that you might have to make the exposure even longer than 40 seconds (I think). For more info you can probably google it or search on this forum for a better description.