A well-written article describing how DxO Mark tests sensors is here, on The Luminous Landscape web site:
DxOMark Camera Sensor
This article about DxO Mark has some really good graphs that show the performance of sensors over time (a decade), and also explains what some of the tests measure, and what the results mean.
Earlier article explaining the DxO Mark testing procedures:
DxOMark Sensor For Benchmarking Cameras
As Hogan's article says, be wary of assigning a lot of weight to the "Overall Score", especially if you have no clue about the other measurements. It's interesting that Hogan tries to discredit DxO Mark numbers, but then in the same article, uses their data to back up and verify empirical observation that hundreds of thousands of users, and he himself, have made. He bashes on one hand, then he goes on to use the same testing procedures and their data to advance several of his points of view. He basically validates different types of DxO Mark measurements, but does warn about the "Overall Score" being looked at in isolation. Yeah...no $hi+ Thom...that's why there are multiple metrics tested, over the entire ISO range of the cameras under test.