Copyright is federal law.
www.copyright.gov
That means copyright infringement actions are heard in federal court.
Before a federal court will accept a complaint filing the image copyright(s) have to be registered with the US Copyright Office.
See 17 USC 411 (Title 17, United States Code, Chapter 4, section 11)
U.S. Copyright Office - Copyright Law of the United States - which reads in part:
...no civil action for infringement of the copyright in any United States work shall be instituted until preregistration or registration of the copyright claim has been made in accordance with this title.
The timing of the copyright registration determines what type of damages the copyright owner can seek - actual damages or statutory damages.
If the copyright is registered
after the infringement occurs, only actual damages can be awarded by the court. If it is proved to the satisfaction of the court that the photo(s) is normally worth $2, $2 is what is awarded. However, if it can be proved to the satisfaction of the court that the photo(s) is normally worth $10,000, $10,000 is awarded.
If the copyright is registered
before the infringement, the copyright owner and their attorney can chose to seek actual
or statutory damages.
If the copyright owner's attorney can prove the infringement was willful, the court is allowed to award statutory damages of between $250 per image and $150,000 per image, plus attorney costs and court fee's.
Note: winning a copyright infringement action doesn't guarantee you will get any money.
A photographer in Florida sued a real estate brokerage that infringed 6 of her images of some very high dollar homes, and was awarded $12 million.
The brokerage filed for bankruptcy, and re-opened several days later as a new business.