You knew this wasn't a great composition -- you said so, it's an example photo.
You have a litany of technical problems here:
1. Dao is absolutely right about the dynamic range -- biggest problem. The lighting for this shot was prohibitive. His suggestion to come back at a different time is the correct solution. When the sky is overcast the light is actually very soft -- low contrast -- however an overcast sky is a light source and in a landscape it's basically a backlight. Your camera can't handle the range then between the sky and foreground. As far as exposure goes one or the other has to give or, as is often the case, the camera botches both.
2. Because the light is so soft you actually have weak contrast in the foreground midtones. This is a paradoxical situation when considered with the overall contrast range of the photo with the sky included.
3. I'm going to assume here: Your camera was set to auto white balance. This photo is massively off color: blue. Auto white balance doesn't work. Period. Learn to use the camera's WB presets.
4. Your photo does not have an embedded ICC profile. Whatever software you used to process it stripped out the ICC profile. This is unrelated to your lighting troubles, but it's a potential further complication.
Here's a quick adjustment of your photo as a further example. I removed a LOT of blue (maybe overboard). I dropped in the fake sky. I raised the midtone contrast and I burned down that strip at the bottom: As you said it's not a great photo, but this is probably more along the lines of what you thought you saw.
Joe