For YEARS now, I have taught noobs who've asked me for help understanding how this f/stop thing works, using a one-dollar bill; two Kennedy half-dollar coins; four Washington quarter-dollar coins, and ten Roosevelt dimes.
They "get it" in about one minute....the 100-penny Dollar Bill..... is "the whole lens"...
The HALF-dollar, or 50-cent piece represents and aperture that has 1/2 the value of the 'whole lens", or f/2, or the lens being 1/2 of the way "open".
The QUARTER-dollar or 25-cent piece represents 1/5th the value of the whole dollar, or f/4..or "one-quarter open".
And the 10-cent or 1/10th of a dollar dime being f/10, or the lens being one-tenth of the way "open"
Put the two Kenny halves together, it makes 100 cents; put the four Washington quarters together, we get 100 pennies; put the ten dimes together adds up to 100 pennies. People totally, totally "get" this, esepcially when yuo use the dollar bill as the "lens", and the various coins as representing the numerical values of 1/2 dollar; 1/4 dollar, and 1/10 dollar.
Once they see this, they never get confused.