To see prominences, filaments, coronal mass ejections (flares), etc. (all features that require viewing the "chromosphere" instead of the "photoshere") you would want to use a Hydrogen alpha solar telescope. These completely block out all the wavelengths except the Hydrogen alpha wavelength (656nm which shows up to us as a fire-engine red color).
I have an Ha solar telescope, but usually before I set it up, I take a peek at the National Solar Observatory website to see if the sun is showing off anything interesting at the time. You can see that here:
Solar data view select
Today's sun is showing lots of prominences.
You would also see prominences during a total eclipse (but it has to be a total eclipse... not partial and not an annular eclipse.)
A "white light" solar filter (such as the one Tanner used to capture the image above) let's all wavelengths pass... but only a tiny fraction of the total light. Basically it's like a really strong pair of sunglasses (usually it's ND 5.0 and blocks 16.7 stops of light ... or about 1 photon out of every 100,000 passes through and the rest are blocked (and still the sun looks this bright)).
The Thousand Oaks filter blocks slightly stronger toward the "blue" (short wavelength) end of the spectrum and less on the "red" (long wavelength) end. This creates the orange color cast. If a filter is precisely even with how much it blocks of all wavelengths (perfectly neutral) then you end up with a "white" sun and that's why they call them "white light" solar filters (even the ones that give a bit of a color cast are still called "white light" filters.)