Well gravity is a natural process, like light. What's the difference?
Because it doesn't
refer to something else or depend on the existence of something else as its subject matter. It's not a lens.
I understand your point. What you don't understand is that your point is not the defining characteristic of art. I'm sorry, you are wrong. I'll put it in a way you'll understand. Art is expression for the purpose of expression. It is the act of and it is the product of said expression and this is indisputable. No further debate is possible.
But that's not what art has been considered throughout history.
Consider a Roman statue of a Roman god, say Janus:
http://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/nov07/Janus.png
This is 'art' and was considered 'art' in ancient times.
'Art' was not considered primarily an outlet for personal expression, nor were artists held in high esteem.
"Those who practiced the visual arts, including sculpture, were held in low regard in ancient Greece, viewed as mere manual labourers.
Plutarch (
Life of Pericles, II) said "we admire the work of art but despise the maker of it"; this was a common view in the ancient world."
Art in ancient Greece - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Now, where were we:
Yes, now as we all know, there is no such being as '
Janus'. It is, then, in a sense, a fiction. There is no 'reference' to Janus because Janus does not exist.
No photons bounced off
Janus' head to form this sculpture. It was made 'by hand' (even if a chisel was involved). It represents a notion in someone's mind, expressed as a solid object.
Now consider this sculpture of Julius Caesar:
http://edweb.tusd.k12.az.us/ktully/julius_caesar7_1085967629.jpg
Your first thought may be that this sculpture 'refers' to Julius Caesar, but it is just as 'fictional' as the sculpture of
Janus, because even though JC was a real person,
this sculpture has no causal relationship to it whatsoever.
One can create a sculpture of anything, real or imaginary, and they are equally 'fictional'. One can create a sculpture of someone long dead, or who never lived, or the product of pure fancy.
Now consider this photograph of Louis Calhern as Julius Caesar:
Photos of Marlon Brando
Is this a work of art?
No, the photograph
refers to Louis Calhern. It is 'of' him in a way that the statue of JC is not. The photograph can have no existence apart from the existence of Louis Calhern. The statue of
Janus can.
Works of art cannot be dependent upon the existence of their 'subject matter' in a causal connection.
A photograph is always 'of', refers to, and is dependent upon an entity. Art is not.