I think the effect you're seeing is called "bloom". At least that's the term used when trying to simulate it in sophisticated rendering engines. As I remember it (researched loooog ago now) contributing factors included airborne water vapor, several kinds of lens aberrations - (including dust, scratches, trapped water vapor or condensation, impure materials in the lens itself AKA cheap glass, and even temperature differences between the lens and the outside air). And of course it needs very high contrast subjects to be noticed much.
Human eyes produce bloom because of the temperature differences with the outside air and the fluid that coats them - though mostly the fluid.
If it is external conditions like dampness in the air a polarizer might help - I dunno.