High speed sync is a special type of flash output, where the flash fires in very rapid succession, a series of micro-bursts, which are so rapidly-created and squelched, and so closely-spaced that to human eyes, the flash looks like one,single "Pop!", but which it most definitely is NOT. This type of flash output is produced only by high-tech speedlight units. This flash technology requires a camera body that offers HSS compatibility, in order to utilize this nifty capability.
This type of flash does not, I repeat, does NOT offer good motion-stopping abilities. Countless novices have used high speed synch set-ups, thinking that HSS will allow them to freeze things like golfballs dropped into water glasses, birds alighting on bird feeders,and so on; unfortunately, on high-speed motion, high speed synch actually produces BLURRY images many times! It is not one,single flash, but MANY flash events in very rapid succession.
The high speed sync name refers to the ability to use high SHUTTER speeds,often in bright light and or with wide lens apertures, so that fill-in flash can be used outdoors in bright light, using wide f/stops, to get shallow depth of field effects; High speed synch can allow the photographer to be free from being "stuck" at exposure settings like ISO 100 at 1/200 second at f/13...