Lightroom has 7 modules:
• Library
• Develop
• Map
• Book
• Slideshow
• Print
• Web
The Develop module is the one used for editing. The Develop module is a Raw image file converter and Adobe uses the same Raw image file converter in Elements 11, CS 6 Camera Raw, and the Develop module.
The Raw image file converter is Adobe Camera Raw (ACR). The current version is ACR 7.
Elements 11 ($70) is consumer grade software and has a de-featured version of ACR, an image Organizer (browser), and many of the same tools and functions the pro grade CS 6 has.
Elements Organizer can be used to make slideshows, prints, web stuff, etc.
Adobe Camera Raw differences between Photoshop and Photoshop Elements
Adobe Photoshop Elements 11
With the rest of your $150 you could get a 3rd party speedlite for your camera too.
Yongnuo Flash Speedlite Yn-460ii for Nikon Canon Pentax
Adobe software doesn't come with a hard copy user's manual, but has online instruction/resources for use.
With Elements, Lightroom, or CS 6 open, clicking on the
Help > Elements/Lightroom/Photoshop Help tab or just pressing the keyboard
F1 key accesses those resources.
There is also
Adobe TV,
Elements Village - Powered by vBulletin, and other resources independent from Adobe.
Lightroom does not manage image files in the way you are used to, unless you're familiar with database management software.
At any rate, there is guidance for learning to efficiently manage you digital images -
The DAM Book: Digital Asset Management for Photographers
Having a comprehensive reference handy is often better than relying on the scattered bits and pieces found on the Internet.
So I often recommend the book -
The Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4 Book: The Complete Guide for Photographers
For Elements 11 -
The Photoshop Elements 11 Book for Digital Photographers (Voices That Matter)