In
optics,
chromatic aberration is caused by a
lens having a different
refractive index for different
wavelengths of
light (the
dispersion of the lens). The term "
purple fringing" is commonly used in
photography, although not all purple fringing can be attributed to chromatic aberration.
Longitudinal and lateral chromatic
aberration of a lens is seen as "fringes" of color around the image, because each color in the
optical spectrum cannot be focused at a single common point on the optical axis.
Since the
focal length f of a lens is dependent on the refractive index
n, different wavelengths of light will be focused on different positions. Chromatic aberration can be both
longitudinal, in that different wavelengths are focused at a different distance from the lens; and
transverse or
lateral, in that different wavelengths are focused at different positions in the focal plane (because the
magnification of the lens also varies with wavelength).
Similar colored fringing around highlights may also be caused by
lens flare. Colored fringing around highlights or dark regions may be due to the receptors[
clarify] for different colors having differing
dynamic range or
sensitivity -- therefore preserving detail in one or two color channels, while "blowing out" or failing to register, in the other channel or channels. On digital cameras, the interpolation technique is likely to affect the apparent degree of this problem.
On photographs taken using a digital camera, very small highlights may frequently appear to have chromatic aberration where in fact the effect is because the highlight image is too small to stimulate all three color pixels, and so is recorded with an incorrect color. This may not occur with all types of digital camera sensor. Again, interpolation technique may affect the apparent degree of the problem.