There are four levels of possible correction for CA in Post.
1. As noted in the article Drex posted you can use Photoshop's Lens Correction filter on a JPEG file.
2. You can use Photoshop or similar software to painstakingly hand edit it out.
3. You can also use Adobe's RAW converter in either Photoshop or Lightroom with a RAW file.
4. You can use the RAW file converter supplied by the company the made the lens.
Results:
1. Mediocre at best. If the CA is bad then piss poor at best.
2. Mediocre at best and way too much work.
3. Excellent results with 90% plus CA removal and that's when it's bad.
4. 99% plus removal of all CA including bad CA. I'll give 2Wheel 1% just cause I don't want to get into an argument.
Here's an example:
Screen shot of 200% enlargement of the upper right corner. 24-105 zoom at the 24mm end and the upper right corner is out of DOF. World's best zoom lens would produce CA under this condition and this is not that lens. CA is bad. CA correction in Canon's DPP is OFF -- red box.
This is a one click correction. All I did was check the box for CA correction in DPP. If you still see some residual CA, that can also be removed with the fine-tune controls in DPP. I didn't do that here because I wanted to stress that this level of correction was 1 mouse click.
NOTE: ACR, Lightroom does nearly as well and can remove well over 90% of even bad CA.
The catch: You have to start with a RAW file. If you have CA in a camera JPEG, you can't do this.
Joe