Is the horizon unlevel in shot 1, or is it a super-wide angle lens distorted/tilted a little off, or maybe it truly is the terrain?
Take a shot at f22 at the sky. you'll see a lot of spots as a result of junk on that sensor.
I guess my understanding of aperture might be misguided. I thought f22 would do a good job of capturing the largest dof. Would you recommend otherwise?
I wouldn't say your understanding of aperture is flawed, but I would say your understanding of how to control DOF is.
From plugging numbers in for a T2i at
Online Depth of Field Calculator we see that:
If your
focal point was 100 feet or more from the camera, the
near limit of your DOF using
f/22 was pretty close to
2 feet in front of the camera, and the
far limit was infinity.
If your
focal point was 100 feet or more from the camera, the
near limit of your DOF using
f/16 was pretty close to
2.75 feet in front of the camera, and the
far limit was still infinity. (f/22 to f/16 is a full stop)
If your
focal point was 100 feet or more from the camera, the
near limit of your DOF using
f/11 was pretty close to
3.75 feet in front of the camera, and the
far limit was also still infinity. (f/22 to f/11 is 2 stops)
Many people forget, or don't know, that the focal point distance is also a major factor that determines DOF.
Additionally, at f/22 diffraction can start to limit overall focus sharpness.