I think it's just a stupid marketing naming convention that was probably argued between the marketing and engineering departments.
Most digital cameras have always had ISO settings that were higher than they probably should have had. The top settings are usually so bad that they don't ever get used, except for testing. So when they say that it goes to ISO 6400 but is expandable, they are saying that 12800 way too noisy for us to recommend using, but it looks good for the marketing department.
In a more practical way, being able to 'hide' the highest ISO settings can be a good thing, because it could prevent you from accidentally using them. This could also apply to cameras that have auto ISO settings.
Whether you're using ISO 400 or 6400, it's done in the same way (AFAIK). The camera boosts the signal from the sensor...it's akin to turning up the volume on your stereo. And like your stereo, the more you turn it up, the more interference/noise will show up.