Oh, Kevin... that is as complicated as the basics of exposure and composition.... It's not something we can just say THIS is what you do. It's all a matter of metering, deciding what you need to create the image you want to create and then using the speedlight to do that.
There's a big difference between different things you may be shooting too... That's a really really really vague question. Kind of like giving your address as Earth. Strobist is a phenomenal resource for learning to use your external flash in a million different ways. http://neilvn.com/tangents/ is another great resource