Look at Dr. W's eyeballs in this shot:
Emily Wesolowski M.D. Pediatrician InterMed P.A. Portland ME
To me, this looks like a large umbrella box, which is basically, a reflecting umbrella that has an outer cover of black fabric, and a front diffusing panel made of translucent white nylon fabric. The studio flash head is large enough that it created an easily-seen small, black dot in the center of the catchlight. Around that black dot is a very bright, white-colored "doughnut" of light. The light is very close to her, and is a large light: see how the rounded catchlight is very large, in comparison to the eyeball? The light appears quite rounded too, like a 10-rib umbrella, like say the Photek Softlighter, which is more-rounded than typical 8-rib designs.
This shot of Dr. Jim was lighted by a small, square softbox, placed low, and camera left, with him right next to the window.
James W. Wilberg M.D. OB GYN InterMed P.A. Portland ME Look at the reflection in the window...you can see a woman standing at the corner on the sidewalk, with a large purse at waist level. Some kind of Picasso-like element, or sheer accident?
This shot of Dr. Emily Wood is horribly botched. This photo is way out of focus on the nose, and hair, and it has hashy, nervous bokeh...looks like it might have been shot wide-open on a cheap optic, like a Canon 50/1.8 which is known for hashy, nervous bokeh (I know, I owned one for several years...it's a poor lens for this kind of work, but it is cheap.).
This photo demonstrates inexcusably poor lenswork.
Emily Wood M.D. Infectious Disease InterMed P.A. Portland ME I am gonna guess hand-held, window light + overhead office light. Uggg. Awful.
On the ones lighted with the umbrella or softbox....yes...this is simply a mix of flash + window light. The flash exposure is determined by ISO level, flash-to-subject distance, and flash power level, and the outdoor lighting would be regulated pretty simply. For example, the outdoor light can be "brightened up" by using a slower shutter speed, and can be "dimmed" by using a faster shutter speed. In these shots, the photographer has tried to get a fairly close balance of brightness between the indoor lighting with flash, and the outdoor lighting. The softbox shots might even be continuous light.