I'll echo what WesternGuy said. You won't be able to camp/park at any of the scenic spots in the National Parks unless they have designated overnight camping, and then you'll need a site....which will likely run you $30 a night. They might even be fully booked up already, but they do leave a few extra sites open and some will have 'overflow', which would be fine if you are just sleeping in your van.
You might be able to find a few safer spots where you could crash for the night (for free)...but you may still run into the wardens or the RCMP. For example, you might be able to find a parking spot in the town of Banff (good luck though, it's really crowded)...and as long as you're not parked as to get a parking ticket, you could probably crash there for the night. Might be easier in the town of Canmore, which is about 30 minutes to the East of Banff...but outside the National Park.
You might even be able to sleep at a roadside turn off. If the authorities come by, just tell them that you were very tired and you didn't think it was safe to drive any more. One spot may be at Saskatchewan Crossing, which is on the Icefields Parkway, about halfway between Banff & Jasper. It's also about the only place to get gas & food between Banff & Jasper.
On your itinerary;
Keep in mind that Sept 5th is Labor Day and thus it's a 'long weekend'....which means that the tourists will be at a maximum. Sometimes it can be annoying to try to photograph the scenery when there are 4 tour buses full of tourists wandering around. That's why it's great when you can 'get off the beaten path'.
A good example is at Peto lake. There is a viewing platform where all the tourists go...and it has a great view, but if you hike to the left for a few minutes, there is a great/better view and probably no people.
Note that in the mountains, the 'sunrise' is usually later than it is out in the flatland. For example, if you try to shoot Lake Louise or Moraine Lake at 6:00am....there may not be any light on the mountains that you'll want to shoot. You have to wait for the sun to rise above the mountains in the east, so you can shoot the mountains to the east. And bad for you, by September, that might not be until 10:00am (just a guess). Although, you can still get great looking skies early in the morning....and there is that magical, fleeting moment when the first rays of sun hit the tops of the mountains....and you might get 'Alpine Glow'.
Late Night shot of Mt. Temple from the Lake Louise Camp Ground
But the trouble with having to wait until 10:00 for the best light, is that by then...there will probably be 20 tour buses and 300 cars up at Lake Louise.
For any of the lake shots, the water is most likely to be calm in the early morning...usually because there is less wind, but also because some places (Lake Louise and Moraine) will have tourists in canoes if the weather is nice.
I don't want to put a damper on it though...even with tons of tourists and bad weather...these are still amazing, awe inspiring sites to see. You just have to keep in mind that you won't always get a chance for that post card photo that you want.
So if the weather/clouds aren't cooperating, you could easily do Lake Louise and Moraine Lake in one morning, or you could spread it out if you want to do some hiking. There is a nice tea house (or two) up above Lake Louise.
I didn't get great light for Moraine (cloudy) but I did get lucky for t his shot when some sun broke through for a few minutes.
I think that Peto Lake is more of a mid day shot, you don't need to be there early or late...the main attraction here is the shape and color of the lake, not the light on the mountains.
The one 'for sure' early morning shot that I remember, is Patrica Lake / Pyramid Lake up by Jasper.
Also around Jasper, I'd recommend Athabasca Falls, Mt. Edith Cavell and Maligne Lake.
The falls are usually pretty crowed but it's a great site to see.
Mt. Edith Cavell is pretty close to the Jasper Townsite...well, the turn off to it is just south of it. From there, you drive up, up, up a twisty road and eventually up to the parking lot where it's a short hike up for an amazing view. Air is thin up there.
Maligne Lake is accesses via Maligne Lake Rd (spectacular drive), which is north of Jasper Townsite. You could take a boat to the far end to see Spirit Island, but I'd recommend doing the hike through Maligne Canyon...or at least part of it.
Since you really can't predict the weather, it's hard to know when & where photo opportunities will pop up. Back in 2007, we had a TPF meet up and we were driving around aimlessly because it was cloudy.
We stopped along the road to do the TPF solute
and then the clouds parted to give us this view.
Another good stop on the Parkway, closer to Banff than Jasper (I think), is Tangle Falls. It's worth a few minutes and it's right on the road so it can be a quick stop.
Things like waterfalls are great to shoot on days when the clouds won't cooperate for mountain shots. On that topic, don't let 'less than perfect' light hinder your photographic enthusiasm. If the sky looks bland, then compose shots without the sky or maybe go for more 'moody' shots.
. Because most of what you are visiting is in a National Parks, you will only be allowed to camp in designated camp sites. In a lot of cases, these are not far from some of the sites that you may want to photograph, but don't count on it, as after Labour Day, September 5, 2011, a lot of the smaller, out of the way campsites are closed because there are just not the staff to service them all, as most of the summer staff are students who go back to school in September. 
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