1) - Sure, better equipment helps but is not as good as having better knowledge
2) - I have no ideas what kind of "layers" the author means without some other sort of context
3) - Well, I suppose if you hended a chimp and let him take enough snapshots, one of them would turn out decent. IMO, great photography is shooting with purpose and getting it right the first time. Then again, maybe they're just saying to practice, practice, practice. But all the pratice in the world isn't going to help if you continue making the same mistakes over and over again. You have to keep learning.