Art is truly subjective and an artist is one that endeavors to create something artistic. How others see it, doesn't matter. The only thing that matters is that the creator define their efforts as either artistic... or not.
Personally, Chris, I think you are close to a personal revelation in the terms of what art means to you. I myself was a world class musician and international competition 1st place winner 12 years in a row and I was called an "artist", a "virtuoso", and other all equally useless labels. I have no idea what art is to anyone but me, and I know that I, as an artist, am in the same place you are... lost in trying to find the meaning.
I am not letting that feeling of being lost dissuade or deter me, because I know one unequivocal and unshakable truth... it is not the final result and resultant labeling of something as being or not being art that is important... it is the pleasure you derive from the journey in photography and your drive to create art in all it's infinite forms... that is. Edification and pleasure is in the journey, not the reaching of the final destination.
This might be the closest thing I have seen in this thread to something that hits home... the aspect of music plays into this for me because I, too, am a musician and it's making me think about that element of it, because I never really ask myself the question "Have I created art?" when I play... I just play.
Honestly, if you ask me, I'm mostly a talented hack when it comes to music. The sounds I make are pretty and they have feeling, and I put feeling into them when playing, but my mechanics are essentially atrocious, I have NEVER practiced, the idea of improvisation is terrifying and my sight-reading is mostly advanced skills in how to hide behind other musicians when we play through a piece the first time.

(I never hide after... I am a trumpet player, after all... we have a reputation to uphold)
Yet, I once had a woman come up to me in tears after a performance, saying my solo really touched her heart. I was blown away because most of the time I was playing I was thinking about whether or not I was going to have time to play some computer game I was interested in when I got home. I was shocked by the woman's reaction (pleased, but shocked), as I was the several other times similar events occurred.
Yet, I have never asked myself, "Have I created art?"
I think the reality is that I'm not an artist, nor will I ever be. My mind just doesn't work that way. I am clearly an emotional guy, and I can both feel, see, and impart emotions... but it's either through just some blind (and often surprising) talent in something such as music, or it's through mechanical and methodical tear-down and understanding of a process so that I can replicate it... such as in the case of photography.
My guess is that in neither case will I have what it takes to be a true master... unless I happen to find something where I have that base talent and also have a strong enough interest to apply the mechanical tear-down approach (which I so rarely bother doing).
That is, however, mastery... not artistry. Again, I have never asked myself this question in anything else... and my guess is that those who I would consider artists OR masters probably don't ask themselves the question, either. They are or they aren't... in fact, the truth of the matter is that probably asking the question is an answer unto itself... and frequently one we wouldn't want to hear.
If nothing else, the question is about whether or not you are something that lacks definition in any true sense, anyway. As someone on this thread postulated, if you create art, you are an artist. If you are an artist, you create art. This is probably the closest thing to a real answer, and utterly absurd at the same time. What is the point in even asking a question, to which this kind of answer can have two valuations that are so massively apart?
So, in summary... I am not an artist, or I don't need to be one, or it's irrelevant... I am who I am, and who I am is a person with some talents and some small amount of vision. If that happens to create something you would consider art, well... whatever. If it's something you found pleasurable for some reason... neat. It's just something I did.
Thanks for the discussion, guys. I appreciate the discourse.
Particularly thanks to Jerry.