What part do you not understand?
1.) We are talking about an image of the night sky, formed by human eyes or a camera, and why does it look the way it looks.
Ok.
2.) Solid angle has nothing to do with resolution or distribution. Distribution involves a sequence, that is more than one number.
Solid angle is pretty much the same thing as resolution. Given a lens, focusing an image of the night sky on a sensor, what gets imaged onto a pixel (or any square region of the sensor) IS a solid angle. So, #2 is wrong on this point.
We usually say "population" or "sample" when dealing with distributions, but sure, I'll grant you "sequence"
3.) If the result of some equation is a single number, then it can not have any distribution, it's "uniform" just by being a single.
Ok.
4.) If we calculate total intensity for either of those two images above we would get a result that is a single scalar number.
Ok.
5.) If we look at the value of "total intensity" for either of those two images the result will indicate they are bright and uniform.
I understand what you're saying here, sure. Note in passing that "uniform" is a word use to describe a distribution, so you're being sloppy with your terminology. Regardless, #5 seems to be simply a repetition of #4.
At this point you've argued, successfully, that "total intensity does not have a distribution, because it's a scalar". It's not clear what point #1 has to do with anything at this point, since "total intensity" has only a tenuous connection with what the night sky looks like.
6.) If we take resolution into account we can realize "total intensity" does not accurately describe brightness nor its distribution.
What? This is where the wheels fall off. Where did resolution come from? What does resolution have to do with anything in your remarks #1 through #5? You don't even mention resolution, except to make what appears to be an incorrect side remark in #2, above. Resolution appears to be completely unrelated to "total intensity", which is surely nothing more than the integral of light intensity over the entire sky (or whatever subset of it you're interested in).
If I were refereeing this, I would probably make remarks very much like what I wrote above, and recommend that the paper be rejected for now, with the author urged to re-organize the ideas in the paper and try to make clearer what the point, if any, is.