First off what business is it if yours what camera anyone takes wherever they go. You have no idea of this poster's athletic ability nor do you know the capacity of his bike or backpacks. You have no idea if he has ever done this before or
what kind of experience he/she has so honestly where do you come off telling someone how far they will be able to get on a given trip or what he is going to be able to do. I really don't even recall the OP asking if this was physically doable I think if you want to take pictures enough you will do what it takes to get there. And this is coming from a person who, when both his legs still worked used to take an SLR and a Bronica Etrsi
and a tripod on multi-day large mileage backpacking trips.
All the above being said I think you might consider the Canon G9 or the Nikon equivalent:
http://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/product/518209-REG/Canon_2082B001_PowerShot_G9_Digital_Camera.html
http://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/product/518923-REG/Nikon_25580_Coolpix_P5100_Digital_Camera.html
I personally have been tossing around purchasing one of the two and if I did not already have a Nikon flash I think I would go for the G9. To me the G9 looks like a Dslr jammed ino a P+S body. The only real reason I am considering the Nikon as I said is that I already have a SB-800 and will be able to use it on this camera. For bike touring you might want to consider one of these the G9 is a fine P+S camera and you will get excellent images from it. I still stand by my initial post though that a DSLR is a fine choice and you will be very happy that you made the switch.