Yes, you have a lot to learn.
lol. Especially since the username is Student. .
Anyway Student, you're view on capturing everything you need the first time is valid. But that's what we as photographers do to begin with. We get that moment. angle, lighting conditions, blah blah blah. Then there is post processing to fully finish up the photographers vision because cameras do not capture anything perfectly. I have the 7D. Spent a lot on it but if it fully captured what I wanted, then I would be a picture taker and not a photographer. The additional art and skills come in PP like in photoshop where you can tweak the photo into your final vision.
And in my opinion, no. I don't believe you can be successful in the real world without the skillset of editing. Editing is what makes your photos pop and jump out to the viewer. I can only remember one occasion where I was actually satisfied with the original shot that I took without editing. Otherwise I tweak photos to fullfill what I'm looking for in what I captured.