Not sure why there's even an arguement. "Fundamentals" means knowing the structure of the craft, how things connect to each other and how you can use these to achieve your goal (artistic or otherwise). It is possible to take good pictures without knowing fundamentals, it is much more a hit-and-miss thing, since this approach has no structure to allow refinement and repetition. There are fundamentals to photography, to water-colour painting, to wood-carving, to engraving, to skiing, to playing golf... the list goes on. Each activity CAN be enjoyed without structure, but each activity is much more satisfying when you can use the knowledge of fundamentals to achieve high levels of performance reliably. Even in team sports, the ones that win consistently are the ones that have both good players, and a very good grasp of fundamentals.
As for learning styles, there are at least four that I am aware of: 1) the experimental learner, the auditory learner, the tactile learner and the procedural learner. The first dives in without opening the manual and tries a hundred things to construct a mental map of what works and how. The auditory learner needs to hear instructions to be able to follow. The tactile learner needs to "feel" the new activity to learn it, and benefits by watching others do something that they can copy. The procedural learner is more visual than the auditory learner, but again, relies on following a written procedure or process. We usually combine all of these methods in learning something new, but we tend to rely on one method more than the others. Procedural learners find the theory easier to pick up than the other type of learners, but in the end, all need to know these fundamentals to construct their mental maps of how that activity works.
Addendum... an analogy to learning the fundamentals is the act of exploring a new city. Some will just go in and wander around, "discovering" things and taking pleasure in such discoveries. Others will buy a good guidebook and read up about the lay of the land, the locations of the various items of interest, an insight into the history and culture of the place, and have a sense of where to go and where NOT to go... I've done both, and the second gives a much better set of memories. It takes a lot of knowledge to appreciate what you're looking at or what cultural event you are experiencing. However, once you've got the fundamental mental map in place, then absolutely go and experiment and try new things - but now you have a context and a structure so that you're not wasting time doing low-value things.