The type and speed have nothing to do with image quality, but with performance of the camera. You don't want to wait 17 seconds to take another frame because your buffer can't write to he card fast enough. That said, the buffer will write to the card if it's a slow card, and no data will be omitted, but a card that can't keep up just gets in the way of doing the work.
As for USB sticks, I'm really not aware of any ratings on them other than USB 2 or USB 3., and in USB 3, there is 3.1 and 3.2. Of course, the PC or laptop has to support the USB version of the stick for full transfer rate. Again, a slower interface has nothing to do with image quality, just the time it takes to move data.