Long ago, in a galaxy far away ...
... before computers, the internet, and digital imaging, there were several factors that made slide film the choice of most true professional photographers:
1. The first integrated color film (single shot, single piece of film, no permanent granular or patterned filter layer) was a slide film. It was a decade before color negative film appeared.
2. Even when color negative film appeared, slide films were sharper. As time went on, color negative film caught up with the faster slide films, but the slower slide films were still quite a bit sharper than any print from a color negative.
3. Prior to electronic digital scanning and electronic plate making, commercial color printing yielded distinctly better results when working from the original image in a color slide than when working from a second generation image, as is a print from a color negative.
Skilled amateurs, as opposed to tyros or as they are now know - noobs, generally emulated the working pros by shooting slide films. This was probably more because almost all images that they saw and where the filim type was identified were shot as slides. The reason they saw images that were dominantly shot as slides was because almost all images they saw, other than the snaps shots of friends and neighbors, were printed on printing presses (e.g. in books, calendars, magazines, ...) and most printing companies only accepted slides for reason #3, above.
The other big reason for shooting slides and transparencies (slides are mounted, transparencies are the same film but unmounted) was that the slide was a positive and its color and exposure could be easily determined. When printed, the printer could easily determine what it should look like. Negatives, on the other hand, are very difficult to judge. You can't do it by eye to any degree of precision. Without the aid of computers, printing color negatives is largely a matter of trial and terror.