Are you close to the minimum focus? Perhaps when you zoom out, the camera's focus module can find enough contrast to focus, but at 105mm there isn't enough contrast.
I DO have many zooms (over 80).It should always focus, unless you are too close and thus the lens is simply physically unable to focus.
All zoom lenses I own have the same minimum focus distance, no matter what focal length you choose, but maybe that lens you have there is different ? After all, I dont have many zoom lenses and I havent used any of those I have in years by now.