Hyllmark the image information is saved on the file. I dont know what you use for sorting your images or what have you but if you can right click on the image and check the properties the info should be there. The info that is being looked for is Aperture value or Fstop, Shutter speed most times a fraction or decimal, ISO , Focal Length will generally have a MM after it.
Aperture sets how wide the elements in the lens open up to allow light in
Shutter speed is how long those elements stay open to allow the light in
ISO is bacially the sensitivity setting on the sensor.
Focal length is how far you were zoomed in.
All of these items except focal length will affect your exposure.