Thanks again everyone. Here's a breakdown of what I did.
I've seen some photos online before showing that it's very easy to position myself so that Polaris is right over the Bubbles at Jordan Pond. That made it easier for me to choose a spot without having to scout too much. I started this sequence around 11:30pm, and I knew the moon wasn't coming out until about an hour or so later, so the moon wouldn't be washing out the sky. But since the moon wasn't out at all, the mountains and trees had no illumination at all, which explains why they're totally black. A bit of moonlight would have probably changed things a quite a bit. The Photographer's Ephemeris app is essential for landscape photographers, but most of you know of that already.
The reason why Polaris seems low is that I actually pointed the lens up a fair bit. I don't remember exactly how much, but I probably pointed it upwards around 15 degrees or so. The Samyang/Rokinon 14mm 2.8 (with speed booster on NEX-6) is so wide that I can still capture a lot of foreground while taking in huge amounts of sky. I set the lens to focus at infinity, and I left it wide open at 2.8 to get the most light possible.
Since it was pitch black (I used a headlamp to walk around), I had to take some test shots for framing, and also for exposure. Once I got my framing down, I used Sony's Time Lapse app on the camera to set 30-second exposures for 60 frames, which ends up being half an hour. Long Exposure NR was turned off. I believe these were either ISO 800 or 1600. I also took a couple of black frames with the lens cap on, to reduce noise when stacking the shots later.
In LR5, I adjusted for a good exposure and synced the settings for all the photos. I used a free program called StarStax, which merges all the photos and uses black frames for noise reduction. StarStax has different options to optimize the merged photo, but in general it's a breeze to use.
That's it in a nutshell. It's actually very fun and peaceful taking these kind of shots. I'd do it more often, but I live in NYC, and it's impossible to escape the lights or constant airplanes within an hour (and probably more) of driving.
Danny