Photoshop's Raw processor is a plug-in included with Photoshop (Ps) called Adobe Camera Raw (ACR), or just Camera Raw.
Also included with Ps, but you have to download it separately, is
Adobe Bridge, a file browser that is used with many other Adobe applications besides Ps.
Consequently Bridge can handle
a lot of different file types.
Note too that ACR also serves as Lightroom's Develop (editing) module.
I put Bridge in Filmstrip mode, open a folder of photos , and right click on a photo or group of photos I want to open in Camera Raw.
A list of options appear with the right click - choose
Open In Camera Raw to start processing the Raw file.
By the way, it's
Raw, not RAW - because it isn't an acronym like
JPEG is (Joint Photographic Experts Group).
Moving on - ACR is a parametric image editor. Ps itself is a
raster/bitmap graphics editor that has some limited
vector graphics editing functions .
Parametric means ACR does not change any pixels and is called a non-destructive editor. What ACR does is change XML line commands that affect how the Raw processor renders the data in an image file. ACR can process Raw, JPEG or TIFF image files. TIFF - Tagged Image File Format
To learn how to process/edit a Raw image file I highly recommend the inexpensive book:
The Digital Negative: Raw Image Processing in Lightroom, Camera Raw, and Photoshop (2nd Edition)
If you ever want to make prints yourself or have prints made I recommend the next steps:
The Digital Print: Preparing Images in Lightroom and Photoshop for Printing
Real World Image Sharpening with Adobe Photoshop, Camera Raw, and Lightroom (2nd Edition)