Well, you'll have a hard time finding a professional photographer using a smartphone, a point and shoot, or an entry level DSLR, especially not as their main or only camera.
Smartphone as well as point and shoots in general both give rather poor control over photographic parameters as well as rather poor image quality. (At this point it should be pointed out that there are special point and shoots that are made for photographers, such as the Ricoh GR or Fuji X100. These cameras have a bright prime lens and a large sensor, thus image quality is no issue, and they have many controls just like higher level cameras. Thats why they are considered point and shoot for photographers.)
Entry level DSLRs are fine in most respects, but are slower and more problematic to operate than semiprofessional models, due to lack of control elements and due to some features missing. People who photograph daily and all day long tend to prefer at least semiprofessional cameras which have more control elements on the camera, allow to change photographic parameters quickly, and dont miss features.
So pros will rather take their pick from all other types of cameras without the aforementioned disadvantages, namely:
- rangefinder/Leica - These cameras focus on the quality of lenses. Since professionals know that lenses are the most important part of a camera, thats why Leica could survive so long despite being a rather small company and not that competitive in other respects, aside from their lenses. The specific advantage of the rangefinder style camera is that you can see the environment of your shot, i.e. you can for example wait for a person to walk into your shot before taking it. This advantage made the Leica M (and in the past also other rangefinders, and today also the X-Pro and X100 lines of Fuji cameras which however also offer autofocus) popular for street and reportage photography. The disadvantage however is that (true) rangefinders only work in a certain range of focal lenghts (about 28-75mm for Leica M) and down to about 80cm. The Fuji X cameras however also offer an EVF, which overcomes this problem. The newest Leica M also offer this feature, and historically there have been special separate viewfinders for wider angles.
- mirrorless/EVF - The newest shtrick. Some believe one day they'll replace DSLRs. They have no OVF however, so they need constant current (DSLRs have OVF and only need current for actually doing something) and quite a lot of that, too. Recently, with the X-T2, theres finally a mirrorless that seems to be truely able to compete with DSLRs in respect to autofocus performance, making the Fuji X-T2 the first general camera. Theres still a lot of glas Fuji is missing in their lineup to really compete with Canon and Nikon, though.
- DSLRs - Probably the biggest group, especially Nikon and Canon DSLRs. There is also Pentax. The most performant of all camera types, with excessive support and ability for any type of photography. Nikon and Canon also rule autofocus and telephoto lenses. They have the most impressive and most high quality lineup of lenses. Though it has to be said many of these lens choices are inferior or specialized and should be avoided in the first place.
- Digital medium format - Either mirrorless or DSLR; these cameras are super expensive, the most expensive are right now 35k$ - without lenses, which are also very pricey. These are the current pinacle of digital image quality, if you need that little extra, for corporate shots, fashion, landscape etc. Medium format rarely has zooms, and the prime lenses are rather dark too.
- Film cameras - from small to large format; the main problem is that film is expensive now, but some still prefer the colors from "real" film
Or by genre:
- Photo reporters will in general prefer DSLRs, especially semiprofessional and professional Canon and Nikon DSLRs. In fact both the Canon and Nikon most expensive DSLRs are optimized for this kind of photography. Thats because these cameras are tailored to get the shot at all cost, with insane reserves for low light, very robust build etc. Photo reporters are known for getting a trinity of lenses (such as 14-24,24-70,70-200 with f2.8) because they have to get the shot sometimes when they are basically confined to single spot. Photo reporters are also noteworthy for being the only type of pro photographers who keep the flash unit on the camera. Of course at the low end photo reporters might even use just point and shoots, but certainly not for sports/action. In the past, there has been also Leica M. Its still possible to use them, however skillfully operating a Leica M is nothing thats easy to learn.
- Wildlife shooters will use DSLRs of the full frame AND crop/APS-C variety, again from Canon and Nikon, as well as strong telephoto lenses. Thats because Wildlife shooters need the range and need the performance. Nobody else makes as good telephoto lenses as Canon and Nikon, so they are very dominant here, too.
- Landscape can be photographed with all kinds of cameras, especially also large format film. Landscape photographers dont really care about autofocus, will often use wide angle, will use their lenses only at f/8 or even more stopped down, will often use a tripod and apply filters. They might even still use large format film cameras or Tilt/Shift lenses.
- Portrait dont really need autofocus either. They often will put emphasis on large sensors and socalled portrait lenses - large aperture telephoto lenses for shallow depth of field, allowing to blurr the background, setting the focus on the subject.
- Fashion photographers will most typically either use full frame Canon or Nikon cameras, the image quality focused models like the Nikon D810 or the Canon 5D Mark IV, as well as the 300mm f2.8 and 400mm f2.8 lenses, at about 20m distance from the model, to get the special look fashion photographers want - the whole model and their clothing tack sharp, but the background blurred. But really of course fashion is just a subgenre of portraiture. Still I wanted to mention the special variant typical for this field.
- Studio is often done with DSLRs and zooms, especially since Canon and Nikon have the best flash systems, but really obviously since you have everything under control you can use any type of camera, and studio flashs dont really support Canon and Nikon specific flash features anyway.
- Street/social/spontaneous photography is probably the only type of photography in which a pro would consider a smartphone, simply because smartphones are uber stealthy. This is also the classic realm of Leica M cameras, of course. And the type of photography the aforementioned Ricoh GR, Fuji X100 etc are optimized for. For this type of photography a pro will typically want a 28mm or 35mm prime lens (because zooming is not an option if you have to react fast, plus in low light you gain an extra edge with having a bright prime lens).
- Macro is done with a lot of specialized gear, namely also macro lenses, but also specialized macro flash (there isnt much light to work with for macro lenses), tripod (you need to avoid ANY vibration of the camera, including using mirror lockup on a DSLR and remote triggering), focusing sledge (one focuses in macro by moving the camera), etc.
- Wedding photographers have probably the worst field of photography. Wedding photographers typically have the gear of photo journalists, in order to get the shot even under the worst of circumstance, but also need the knowledge of a studio photographer. They both need spotaneity to catch the unrepeatable moment, as well as preplanning of the shoot and the knowledge how to operate flash, as well as getting creative with special lenses (macro, fisheye, ...), etc. And still, even after all this, they often have to handle unthankful clients.
- Fine art is of course the genre every photographer would love to get in. These are the most drastically high paid people. Also probably the one field of photography in which large format film cameras still rule supreme.
Everyone knows it is all about the equipment. 
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