What camera are you shooting, DX or FX format?
The lens selection depends on: your camera format (FX or DX), the sport, your shooting position and the lighting level.
IMHO, the most difficult are indoor gym fast sports (volleyball and basketball) and outdoor night games under lights. The reason is the fast action and low light level.
I shoot high school volleyball, with a DX/APS-C D7200, and use the 35/1.8 and 50/1.8 primes.
These two lenses were chosen specifically for speed, to let me shoot at ISO 3200, 1/800 sec, f/2.
I shoot manual because the dark end walls, the lighted sign at the scorekeepers desk, and the lighted scoreboard confuses the meter.
I determine/confirm the correct exposure during pre-game warm-up.
The AF speed of the 35 and 50 could be faster, but are generally fine. I found that on a quick subject shift and shoot, the 1st frame is usually out of focus, but the 2nd frame is in focus. To put this in perspective, this is similar to the 70-200/4 lens when I shoot soccer, where many times on a quick subject shift and shoot, the 1st frame is sometimes out of focus. The difference is that I don't shift subjects and shoot soccer as fast as I do volleyball, so the lens has more time to focus on the subject.
Because I shoot for the Athletic Director and the Yearbook, my pics are usually not the tight shots that a parent may be interested in. I saw one parent on the bottom row of the bleachers with a 70-200 in the gym. Volleyball that close, with a 70-200

But, I think he was shooting tight shots of just HIS daughter, whereas I shoot plays of usually more than one player. So I was shooting wider than he was.
The other thing that I learned was, it is much easier to track fast action when I am not tightly cropping in the camera. I do my cropping in the computer.
OK, why would you even consider a LONG lens like a 100-400 for volleyball ?
Or are you thinking about it for other sports?
As for locations
- I usually shoot from about the net, with the 35.
Sometimes going up the bleachers, with the 50, so that I am level with the top of the net. This lets me get a clear shot of the player on the far side spiking the ball. But the 50 is a bit short for the other side of the court, when I am half way up the bleachers.
- Sometimes I go to the back of the court (with the 50) and shoot towards the net. But when shooting through the net, the odds are good that the AF will lock onto the net and put the players out of focus.
There is no perfect lens. Each has pros and cons.
- For any shot, a prime is either the correct FL, too long or too short. IOW it will be the wrong FL 2/3 of the time.
- Subject close to me, I use the 35/1.8. But the spiker right in front of me is tough, as the 35 is not wide enough for that close distance.
- Farther from me I use the 50/1.8. But it isn't long enough to get the far corner of the court. And when the action comes close, the 50 is too tight.
- Zooms are slow. Even the fast f/2.8 pro zooms are slower than the f/1.8 primes. Sigma finally broke that barrier with a couple f/1.8 DX zooms.
- The 17-50/2.8 has a nice focal range, but I loose 1 stop of light, compared to the primes.
- A 24-70/2.8 on a DX camera would be a great lens, but heavy and expensive. And 1 stop slower than the primes.
- A 24-120/4 on a FX camera would be great for close to far coverage, but 2 stops slower than the primes.
I tried using the Sigma 17-50/2.8 (on the Canon T7i), but the zoom ring turns in the opposite direction from a Nikon zoom. This was causing me to constantly turn the zoom ring the wrong way, to the point that I was totally frustrated. So after about 20 minutes, I put the Canon and Sigma in the bag, and just shot with my Nikon. When shooting fast sports, muscle memory of which way the zoom ring turns is important. The zoom ring of the Tamron 17-50/2.8 turns in the same direction as the Nikon zooms.